The Mars FoundationEst. 2000
The LB-1 hull article under assembly in the high bay at the Aldern Works.

Programme LONGBOAT · PRO · 2022 →

Longboat

A transfer vessel assembled in orbit. It carries six people for 258 days and never touches either surface. It is not a rocket — it never lands, and it is never empty. It is also the only part of this programme we cannot buy from someone else.

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68.4m
overall length of the vessel
142t
water stacked forward of the crew
258days
nominal transit, Earth to Mars
0.31Sv
measured crossing dose, 2013 figure

Why it is shaped like that

Shielding is a water problem

In 1962 Aurelio Banich wrote, in a note the Foundation did not yet exist to pay for, that the mass you bring to stop a proton is mass you were going to bring anyway if you choose it carefully. Water stops radiation, and the crew has to drink.

The argument was numeric by 1996 and measured in 2013 at 0.31 Sv for the crossing. 142 tonnes of water sits forward of the pressure hull, between the crew and the Sun, and is drawn down over the transit in the order that keeps that shadow deepest for longest.

Everything else about the vessel follows from two constraints: get rid of 1.4 MWe of waste heat, and never depend on a part that has not already flown without a crew.

LB-1 · vessel of record
DesignationLB-1, LB-2 — programme LONGBOAT
Length overall68.4 m
Pressure hull412 m³
Berths6
Power1.4 MWe, reactor-electric
Heat rejection2 × 148 m² deployable radiators
Forward shield142 t water
Nominal transit258 days
AssemblyIn orbit. The vessel never lands.
First uncrewed transit2029 window
First crewed transit2031 window

Programme TENDER · PRO · 2023 →

Cargo goes first

Cargo precedes crew by two windows, without exception. By the time six people leave in 2031, the power plant has been running at Thessaly Bench for four years, two habitat shells are buried, and the water plant has already filled its first tank.

Launch cadence

Five windows, 2027 to 2035

Windows fall about 26 months apart. Miss one and the schedule does not slip by a month, it slips by a window.

2027window 1
  • TDR-01Power plant, 1.4 MWe · 38.2 t
  • TDR-02Sinter works and pad plant · 31.7 t
  • TDR-03Consumables and spares cache · 26.4 t
2029window 2
  • TDR-04Habitat shell 1 · 44.1 t
  • TDR-05Habitat shell 2 · 44.1 t
  • TDR-06Water plant and stores · 29.8 t
  • LB-1 (U)Vessel, uncrewed shakedown transit
2031window 3
  • LB-1 · crewedFirst crew of six · 258-day transit
  • TDR-07Habitat shell 3 and crop article · 41.6 t
2033window 4
  • LB-2 · crewedSecond crew of six · first return crew outbound relief
  • TDR-08Industrial plant, second phase · 36.9 t
2035window 5
  • LB-1 · crewedCrew rotation three · continuous occupation begins
  • TDR-09Expansion shells 4–5 · 58.2 t

Manifest TDR-01 · extract

11,904 line items

That is what the first cargo flight carries. Line 9901 is the printed manifest itself, certified, in duplicate, at 11.8 kg. A station that cannot read its own inventory does not really have one.

Extract, 12 of 11,904
LineItemQtyUnitCl.
0001Power conversion assembly, primary14,180.0 kgA
0002Power conversion assembly, standby14,180.0 kgA
0114Radiator panel, deployable, 74 m²4812.5 kgA
0396Cable, HV DC, 240 mm², reeled1,2003.11 mB
0397Cable, HV DC, terminations, spare480.94 kgB
1042Sinter head, 1.2 kW, with spare emitter296.4 kgA
1043Sinter head, emitter, spare63.2 kgC
2711Seal, rotary, dust-rated, 60 mm2400.08 kgC
2712Seal, rotary, dust-rated, 120 mm1600.21 kgC
4188Calibration target, reflectance, set of nine31.40 kgB
7735Bearing, angular contact, spec MF/MAT/1958-A6000.06 kgC
9901Manifest, printed, certified copy211.80 kgA